Conference paper pdf available january 2005 with 222 reads. Traits useful in ascertaining resistance are 0% of plants showing symptoms and percentage of plants showing symptoms at a given date. Washings of olpidium infected lettuce roots, if taken during. Freesia sneak virus fresv pest rating proposals and. Big vein is most prevalent in cool wet soils campbell and grogan. In early stages of growth the thallus is completely surrounded by the host cytoplasm and separated from it by the thallus ectoplast.
Release of zoospores through an exit tube from zoosporangia, their motility and encystment on the epidermal cells and root hairs, process of infectionhost entry and later thallus. All isolates of the cucumber, melon, and squash strains transmitted melon necrotic spot carmovirus mnsv and cucumber necrosis tombusvirus cnv but. After 4 to 5 weeks lettuce roots were examined for o. Its position was based mainly on ribosomal gene sequences and was not strongly supported. Morphology and development of the vegetative, asexual and sexual cycle olpidium brassicae woronin dangeard parasitic in the roots of cabbage brassica oleracea l. Lettuce big vein, a viral disease vectored by the soil. Urophlyctis alfalfae causes crown wart of alfalfa medicago.
From a common ancestor with animals, the earliest fungi inherited flagellated zoospores for dispersal in water. Thus, the combination olpidium bornovanus sahtiyanci karling is accepted. After resting period, it undergoes meiosis and forms new haploid thallus. In particular, we clarify the differences between o. Efficiency improves in the f 3 and following generations with continued inbreeding. Pdf evidence for association of citrus psorosis virus. The disease lowers the quality and quantity of the crop due to the distortion of the foliage, delays in head formation and decrease in head size 16, 18. In iceberg lettuce, this can disrupt normal head development, resulting in plants that have a bushy appearance. Olpidium brassicae zoospores contain four to six mitochondria grouped around the nucleus. Although olpidium produces zoospores, in previous phylogenetic studies. Olpidium brassicae is a common fungal parasite of the epidermal cells of plant roots, especially plants in the family brassicaceae formerly cruciferae.
Initially, the virus was provisionally called freesia ophiovirus, but is now known as freesia sneak virus vaira et al. The genus olpidium was placed in the olpidiaceae in the chytridiales. The zoospores resemble other uniflagellate zoospores in many respects, but ribosomes occur throughout the zoospore body while mitochondria occur only around the nucleus. Following a survey of previous contributions to the knowledge of olpidium brassicae r. Campbell 1 nature volume 195, pages 675 677 1962 cite this article. Mechanical inoculation from indicator plants to freesia seedlings was never successful. Preparation and characterization of polyclonal antibody against resting spores of olpidium virulentus. Olpidia 1, 2, 3 and 6 transmitted the original strain of satellite virus sv 1. A method is provided for introducing a foreign gene into a plant cell by means of an olpidium zoospore vector having associated with it a reassembled nucleoprotein complex comprising the foreign gene and reassociated coat protein of a zoosporetransmissable virus.
Host resistance to mirafiori lettuce bigvein virus and. Olpidium bornovanus, olpidium radicale, olpidium brassicae, cucurbit hosts, host specificity. In unicellular members like saccharomyces and related genera, the two compatible cells come close to each other fig. Transmission of tobacco necrosis virus by a fungus. Transmission by olpidium brassicae of mirafiori lettuce virus and lettuce bigvein virus, and their roles in lettuce bigvein etiology. The ultrastructure of zoospores of olpidium brassicae wor. Olpidium virulentus olpidium brassicae, a unicellular fungus parasitizing vascular plant root cells, seemed anomalous. Terrestrial fungi lost all flagellated stages and reproduce instead with nonmotile spores. Development of a method for conducting tests for resistance to tombusviruses and lettuce dieback in the greenhouse. A multigene phylogeny of olpidium and its implications for early fungal evolution satoshi sekimoto1,3,dann rochon2, jennifer e long1,4, jaclyn m dee1 and mary l berbee1 abstract background. We examined succession of the rhizosphere microbiota of three model plants arabidopsis, medicago and brachypodium in compost and sand and three crops brassica, pisum and triticum in compost alone. Olpidium virulentus, botrytis cinerea, fusarium solani, f. It is an important vector of a wide range of plant viruses.
Olpidium isolates that infect ed brassica plants did not infect lettuce plants and ceversa. Zoosporangium having a thin pallid cover, spherical, 12120 microns in diameter. Virology 26, 541549 1965 transmission of tobacco stunt virus by olpidium brassicae chuji hirukp hatano tobacco experiment station, hatano, kanagawaken, japan, and department of plant pathology, university of california, berkeley, california accepted december 29, 1964 when tobacco nicotians. Evidence of olive mild mosaic virus transmission by olpidium. Transmission of three strains of ommv by an olpidium sp. Lettuce big vein, first described in california in 1934, is a soilborne disease reported from many parts of the world.
In host plant the cell can form to 12 zoosporangia. Release of zoospores through an exit tube from zoosporangia, their motility and encystment on the epidermal cells and root hairs, process of infectionhost entry and later. From a common ancestor with animals, the earliest fungi inherited flagellated. Important parasitic members are synchytrium fivision causes wart disease of potato. In 1983, the alsike, alberta areas clover which is a major part of horses diet was struck by a fungus epidemic of olpidium brassicae, previously not seen in canada. The three strains were 1 an ommv wild type wt recovered from olive trees, 2 an ommv variant l11 obtained after 15 serial passages of single local lesions. Most previous studies have been done with mass cultures of olpidium maintained in lettuce roots.
In 1983, the alsike, alberta areas clover which is a major part of horses diet was struck by a fungus epidemic of olpidium brassicae, previously not seen in canada vector. Wed like to understand how you use our websites in order to improve them. Transmission of tobacco necrosis virus by zoospores of olpidium. Pdf relationships between the pathogen olpidium virulentus. Relationship between the lettuce bigvein virus and its vector, olpidium brassicae. Bright yellow was seeded in stuntin fested soil which had dried for 912 years. Virus in lettuce was assayed by inoculation to leaves of french bean. Olpidium brassicae olpibroverview eppo global database. Transmission by olpidium brassicae of mirafiori lettuce virus. Hence different isolates of olpidium seem to be specific vectors for different strains of satellite virus. Canadian journal of botany canadian science publishing. It survives in soil for many years in the form of resting spores, which germinate in the presence of a host plant to produce infectious zoospores that infect the roots singh and pavgi, 1977. Olpidium 1 was isolated from lettuce grown in soil supplied by dr j. Download as ppt, pdf, txt or read online from scribd.
Tnv entered plant roots at the same time and position as zoospores of olpidium brassicae wor. Documents about olpidium brassicae olpibr this website uses cookies our website uses cookies to ensure that we give you the best possible online experience. Pdf evidence of olive mild mosaic virus transmission by. Presently it is not considered as a serious pathogen of tobacco, because it mainly affects plants in nurseries and its outbreaks are relatively rare. Wintermantel and ivan simko usdaars, salinas, ca summary. Although olpidium produces zoospores, in previous phylogenetic studies it appeared nested among the terrestrial fungi. Freesia sneak virus is soilborne and vectored by the soilborne fungus, olpidium brassicae. Olpidium bornovanus or olpidium cucurbitacearum serves as a vectors for a number of curcubit viruses. It affects all lettuce types grown in soil in the open or under cover, as well as in hydroponic cultures. Pdf taxonomy and pathogenicity of olpidium brassicae and its. Nov 15, 2011 from a common ancestor with animals, the earliest fungi inherited flagellated zoospores for dispersal in water. Strain d of tobacco necrosis virus tnv was transmitted by zoospores of 3 different isolates of olpidium brassicae wor.
Detection of olpidium brassicae by a baiting plant method from field soils in japan, and their transmissibility of tulip mild mottle mosaic virus. Further evidence of mirafiori lettuce bigvein virus but not of lettuce bigvein associated virus with bigvein disease in lettuce article pdf available in phytopathology 984. Relationship between the lettuce bigvein virus and its. Aranzazu moreno, alberto fereres, in advances in virus research, 2012. Stunt resulted when zoospores or resting sporangia of olpidium brassicae wor. F transmission, epidemiology, and geographic distribution in the mediterranean basin. The classification and physiology of the zoosporic plantpathogen olpidium brassicae and its relationships with the closelyrelated species are often confusing. Taxonomy and pathogenicity of olpidium brassicae and its. Reconstructingtheearlyevolutionoffungi using a sixgene. Pdf a multigene phylogeny of olpidium and its implications.
The transmission of satellite viruses of tobacco necrosis. Abstract bigvein disease occurs on lettuce worldwide in temperate conditions. Although olpidium produces zoospores, in previous phylogenetic studies it. Thus, with fungi, he succeeded with plasmopara viticola and uncinula necator, but not. The fungus has resting spores that may survive for many years and thus. General information about olpidium 1olpig this website uses cookies our website uses cookies to ensure that we give you the best possible online experience. The diseasecausing virus is reported to be mirafiori lettuce big vein virus mlbvv lot et al. Several studies have shown that olpidium brassicae wor.
A multigene phylogeny of olpidium and its implications for. Us5416010a olpidium zoospores as vectors of recombinant. University of warwick institutional repository walsh. Olpidium brassicae and nectria ramulariae also known as neonectria ramulariae. Taxonomy and pathogenicity of olpidium brassicae and its allied. Transmission of tobacco necrosis virus by zoospores of. An antiserum was raised and an elisabased detection method for fresv was developed.
Pcr detection of olpidium brassicae and differentiation of lettuce. Control of olpidium brassicae, the vector of cucumher. Olpidium bornovanus is the first vector reported for csbv and is confirmed as a vector of sqnv. Olpidium brassicae is commonly present in roots of field crops, especially in the members of brassicaceae, including canola. In the usa, freesia sneak virus was first reported from infected freesia spp. Host range tests vi, pcr amplification and sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer its and 5. Olpidium seedling blight, root burn disease there is no doubt that olpidium brassicae is globally widespread. Jan 30, 2012 pdf abstract under laboratory conditions cucumber systemic necrosis virus csnv and bean stipple streak virus bssv were controlled by fumigation of soils naturally infected with the vector olpidium brassicae, using methyl bromide at 9. The ultrastructure of olpidium brassicae was observed in epidermal cells of lettuce roots from 8 h after inoculation with zoospores until the thalli matured, at 72 h. Olpidium brassicae is a ubiquitous obligate rootinfecting fungal pathogen. Pdf further evidence of mirafiori lettuce bigvein virus. Lettuce dieback causes necrosis, stunting and death of lettuce plants throughout all western lettuce production regions in california and arizona. Symptoms of big vein include chlorosis surrounding the vascular bundles in the leaf and increased stiffness of the leaves. Evidence of olive mild mosaic virus transmission by olpidium brassicae article pdf available in european journal of plant pathology 2.
A multigene phylogeny of olpidium and its implications for early. The zoospore of olpidium brassicae springer for research. Mutations of the tubulin gene fragments from carbendazim. Olpidium brassicae is an obligate plant parasite of brassicas, including osr lay et al. Olpidium brassicae blastocladiales chytridiomycota neocallimastigales microsporidia rozella spp. Olpidium brassicae is a plant pathogen, it is a fungal obligate parasite. Morel1 infected cultures of plant callus tissue with some, but not all, of the obligate parasites he tested. Stability and succession of the rhizosphere microbiota. Vegetative body is ameboid, turning into zoosporangium inside host plant cells. Pdf taxonomy and pathogenicity of olpidium brassicae and. Transmission by olpidium brassicae of mirafiori lettuce.
Summary none of four isolates of olpidium brassicae wor. Virus transmission by hostspecific strains of olpidium. Vacuoles which contain osmiophilic material are termed gammalike. Chytridium brassicae woronin, jahrbucher fur wissenschaftliche botanik 11. The plant cell is contacted with the zoospore under conditions suitable for transmission of the nucleoprotein complex into the cell. Occurrence and partial characterization of lettuce big. Pdf first report of olpidium virulentus on lettuce in turkey. The ultrastructure of the zoospore ofolpidium brassicae is described and compared with observations made of other zoospores of the uniflagellatephycomycetes. It is proposed that all carmoviruses may have fungal vectors.
Bright yellow was seeded in stuntinfested soil which had dried for 912 years, the plants became infected with stunt. Relationship between the lettuce bigvein virus and its vector, olpidium brassicae r. The primary source of economic damage resulting from. Pdf a survey was conducted in lettuce fields in the central anatolian of turkey ankara province during may and july of 2016 to search for soilborne. Download fulltext pdf evidence for association of citrus psorosis virus with symptomatic trees and an olpidium like fungus in texas. Zoospore cytology of two lettuce strains from carrot and plantain and a cabbage strain of olpidium brassicae woronin dang, was compared with that of two isolates of rhizophlyctis rosea debary. On mung bean roots necrotic local lesions formed one day after exposure to virus and zoospores. This article is from bmc evolutionary biology, volume 11.
In the spring the zoospores go to the surface of host plant through aerotropical channels. Multiple transmission of plant viruses by olpidium brassicae. The use of nutrient film techniques nft in glasshouses brought further notoriety for o. Mlbvv and lbvav are transmitted by viruliferous zoospores of the fungus olpidium brassicae, a chytridiomycete fungus which is an obligate parasite living on roots. Accurate taxonomic knowledge is the foundation for further discussions and studies of pathogenicity and ecological role. Auflaufkrankheit, schwarzbeinigkeit, gelbsucht, halsbrand, wurzelbrand.
Bright yellow was seeded in stuntin fested soil which had dried for 912. Relationships between the pathogen olpidium virulentus and viruses associated with lettuce bigvein disease. Transmission of fresv using resting spores from olpidium brassicae was tested to establish whether fresv is the cause of fln. However, sahtiyanci 54 proposed that, based on differ ing hosts ranges, there were in. Us5416010a olpidium zoospores as vectors of recombinant dna. Fungi, chytridiomycota, chytridiomycetes, incertae sedis, incertae sedis, olpidiaceae english names. Olpidium brassicae an overview sciencedirect topics.
Olpidium brassicae images tree of life web project. Continuing to use this website means you agree to our use of cookies. Transmission of tobacco necrosis virus to tobacco callus. Olpidium brassicae olpibrdocuments eppo global database. Relationships between yield, rotation length, and abundance. We do not use these to store personal information about you. Introgression of novel alleles for partial resistance to. Of 56 isolates, 39 highly resistant hr phenotypes grew well on pda amended with carbendazim even at. Olpidium brassicae, an aquatic fungus that infects cabbage roots using zoospores. Transmission of tobacco stunt virus by olpidium brassicae. In 1983, the alsike, alberta areas clover was struck by a fungus epidemic of olpidium. Host specificity and nomenclature of olpidium bornovanus. Two strains of satellite virus recently isolated sv 2 and sv 3 were both transmitted, but sv 2 only by olpidium 6 and sv 3 only by olpidium 3. Relationship between the lettuce bigvein virus and its vector.
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